| The Dangerous and Crippling High Effort Steering Systems of Todays Vehicles |
The stiff/tight/heavy "High Effort Steering" system the world-wide automotive industry has designed into
their vehicles is silently and painlessly inflicting serious permanent crippling injuries, chronic pain,
inflammation, and other injures to our skeletal system and soft tissues of our bodies.
Hands and fingers are becoming bent and twisted, developing physical functional movement restrictions,
rotor-cuff injures with operations leaving limited arm movement and chronic pain. Chronic back pain which
requires operations involving fusion, steel rods, disk replacement and in some cases death from the
operation. Carpal tunnel symptoms, numbness in fingers from collapsed and many more serious ailments
and much more.
their vehicles is silently and painlessly inflicting serious permanent crippling injuries, chronic pain,
inflammation, and other injures to our skeletal system and soft tissues of our bodies.
Hands and fingers are becoming bent and twisted, developing physical functional movement restrictions,
rotor-cuff injures with operations leaving limited arm movement and chronic pain. Chronic back pain which
requires operations involving fusion, steel rods, disk replacement and in some cases death from the
operation. Carpal tunnel symptoms, numbness in fingers from collapsed and many more serious ailments
and much more.
How can my vehicles steering cause these problems? The "high effort steering" exceeds the
physical capabilities of our body to deliver the forces to overcome the resistance of the steering wheel
to turn. Our body must deliver more force than just the resistance of the wheel to turn. Years ago the
steering wheel could be turned with the small finger, even when parking (Low Effort Steering). Todays
vehicles have steering wheels that are hard to turn and require the whole hand or both hands. Pump
sizes have been reduced, weight of steering wheel, advertising campaigns such as "feel the road," "take
charge of your car." There is a higher profit in smaller pumps and tubes for the hydraulics. But, even
the Chevrolet Malibu with it's new electronic steering has a built in damaging hesitation in the wheel,
requiring a shock load to the drivers body.
physical capabilities of our body to deliver the forces to overcome the resistance of the steering wheel
to turn. Our body must deliver more force than just the resistance of the wheel to turn. Years ago the
steering wheel could be turned with the small finger, even when parking (Low Effort Steering). Todays
vehicles have steering wheels that are hard to turn and require the whole hand or both hands. Pump
sizes have been reduced, weight of steering wheel, advertising campaigns such as "feel the road," "take
charge of your car." There is a higher profit in smaller pumps and tubes for the hydraulics. But, even
the Chevrolet Malibu with it's new electronic steering has a built in damaging hesitation in the wheel,
requiring a shock load to the drivers body.
How is the damage inflicted in our body? We inflict the damage as mini-traumas as we generate
the forces to overcome the resistance of the wheel to turn. As a result of the quick response needed
for steering the vehicle, we subject our bodies to shock loading mini-traumas. These shock loads
cause the damage to our bodies.
One example of shock loading is a driver sitting unsupported in the seat. To turn the "high effort
steering" wheel, both hip joints become the foundation (fulcrum point) for the forces to be delivered
from the hips to the fingers (force seeks a straight line). There is a force loss in every angle between
the hip joints and the end of the fingers, because the force is being diverted. Our body does not
automatically know what force is required to overcome the resistance of the steering wheel, because
each position entails different angles. Our senses control the mechanical movement of our body
through immediate feedback to the brain. Delivering the force is not a smooth process due to the
variable angles involved and their changing during the process. Thus the body provides mini
vibrations in its delivery which adds to the shock loading effects. Road vibrations, etc, add to this as
small mini traumas.
The overall requirement of turning the wheel is a destructive task in itself because the body actually
throws the weight of the upper torso into turning the wheel (a natural occurring event due to the wheels
resistance).
the forces to overcome the resistance of the wheel to turn. As a result of the quick response needed
for steering the vehicle, we subject our bodies to shock loading mini-traumas. These shock loads
cause the damage to our bodies.
One example of shock loading is a driver sitting unsupported in the seat. To turn the "high effort
steering" wheel, both hip joints become the foundation (fulcrum point) for the forces to be delivered
from the hips to the fingers (force seeks a straight line). There is a force loss in every angle between
the hip joints and the end of the fingers, because the force is being diverted. Our body does not
automatically know what force is required to overcome the resistance of the steering wheel, because
each position entails different angles. Our senses control the mechanical movement of our body
through immediate feedback to the brain. Delivering the force is not a smooth process due to the
variable angles involved and their changing during the process. Thus the body provides mini
vibrations in its delivery which adds to the shock loading effects. Road vibrations, etc, add to this as
small mini traumas.
The overall requirement of turning the wheel is a destructive task in itself because the body actually
throws the weight of the upper torso into turning the wheel (a natural occurring event due to the wheels
resistance).
The 2000 Chevrolet Impala I purchased new from a dealer in Detroit has "high effort steering"
(HES) and everyone I have interviewed shares the many physical health problems I have
experienced. If you are a driver of a HES systems vehicle...it would behoove you to try to find a
"Low Effort Steering" vehicle. However, I have not been able to find one which hasn't had an initial
resistance to turning.
Below are pictures of health problems developed from driving my 2000 Chevrolet-Impala, unless
otherwise noted.
(HES) and everyone I have interviewed shares the many physical health problems I have
experienced. If you are a driver of a HES systems vehicle...it would behoove you to try to find a
"Low Effort Steering" vehicle. However, I have not been able to find one which hasn't had an initial
resistance to turning.
Below are pictures of health problems developed from driving my 2000 Chevrolet-Impala, unless
otherwise noted.
This is a comfortable position to hold the Impala
steering wheel for highway driving.
Unfortunately, the driver isn't aware of the damage
being inflicted because the vibration in the steering
wheel numbs the hands as well as the AC when it is
running.
Look closely and see if you can notice the twisted
and bent that have deformed to making full contact
with their gripping surface angles.
Shock loads causing the knuckles and fingers to
bent and twist to conform to the contour happens
during the process of delivering the high effort forces
required to overcome the steering system
resistance to turning. Each single high effort force
results in accumulated bone structure/surface
damage and body inflammation
steering wheel for highway driving.
Unfortunately, the driver isn't aware of the damage
being inflicted because the vibration in the steering
wheel numbs the hands as well as the AC when it is
running.
Look closely and see if you can notice the twisted
and bent that have deformed to making full contact
with their gripping surface angles.
Shock loads causing the knuckles and fingers to
bent and twist to conform to the contour happens
during the process of delivering the high effort forces
required to overcome the steering system
resistance to turning. Each single high effort force
results in accumulated bone structure/surface
damage and body inflammation
Initially the position and holding the wheel with the left
hand and elbow rested on the window sill, were
comfortable for extended highway driving. However, I
never realized the presence of dynamic forces and joint
and bone deformities.
Elbow resting on window sill, resulted in extensive
physical therapy to get my left shoulder and arm to move
again.
The right hand became my favored hand.....but it lead to
severe fingers twisting and bending and LOSS of THUMB
USE. Gripping strength is restricted to the inner finger
joints and weight sensitive.
Loss of physical functional use of the hands is detrimental
to everyday functionality
hand and elbow rested on the window sill, were
comfortable for extended highway driving. However, I
never realized the presence of dynamic forces and joint
and bone deformities.
Elbow resting on window sill, resulted in extensive
physical therapy to get my left shoulder and arm to move
again.
The right hand became my favored hand.....but it lead to
severe fingers twisting and bending and LOSS of THUMB
USE. Gripping strength is restricted to the inner finger
joints and weight sensitive.
Loss of physical functional use of the hands is detrimental
to everyday functionality
This is how fingers can become
bent and twisted from grasping
the steering in this position.
This would not happen if the
steering wheel could be turned
with less effort and wasn't so
thick.
bent and twisted from grasping
the steering in this position.
This would not happen if the
steering wheel could be turned
with less effort and wasn't so
thick.
Look closely. The 7 K numbers represent the various
knuckle contact with the steering wheel surface. The
surfaces which are not parallel to the natural bending of
the knuckles.
K2 represents the second knuckle from the tip of the
right index finger. K3 represents the first knuckle back
for the finger tip.
Compare the K3 and K2 knuckle positions with
the index finger on the next picture below. Now
you can see how the index has bent and twisted
to conform to the grasping surface of the
steering wheel.
knuckle contact with the steering wheel surface. The
surfaces which are not parallel to the natural bending of
the knuckles.
K2 represents the second knuckle from the tip of the
right index finger. K3 represents the first knuckle back
for the finger tip.
Compare the K3 and K2 knuckle positions with
the index finger on the next picture below. Now
you can see how the index has bent and twisted
to conform to the grasping surface of the
steering wheel.
Though the above picture (Circle 20) indicates K11
being the resting spot for the small finger, in this
picture the small is shown as positioned to the right
of the K9 line. As you can see...the small finger
bends to conform to the radius to the right of the K9
line.
My friends and I conceived arthritis as being
something that was inevitable. But, it doesn't have
to be. We do not have to live with arthritis anymore.
Product designs can easily accommodate the reality
that the skeletal system has a Material Creep force
tolerance threshold and that threshold is a variable
based upon the process of delivery and receipt of
the forces.
There is no reason for continued physical cartilage
and disk degeneration anymore.
being the resting spot for the small finger, in this
picture the small is shown as positioned to the right
of the K9 line. As you can see...the small finger
bends to conform to the radius to the right of the K9
line.
My friends and I conceived arthritis as being
something that was inevitable. But, it doesn't have
to be. We do not have to live with arthritis anymore.
Product designs can easily accommodate the reality
that the skeletal system has a Material Creep force
tolerance threshold and that threshold is a variable
based upon the process of delivery and receipt of
the forces.
There is no reason for continued physical cartilage
and disk degeneration anymore.
The bending and twisting noted in these 2 pictures is a result of my fingers bending and
twisting to conform to the contour of the steering wheel on my 2000 Chevrolet Impala. High
effort steering vehicles cause this to happen to all drivers. The severity depends on the effort
required and driving time. It is impossible to hold the steering wheel in any position that will
not cause harm. They are literally unsafe to hold in any position! Damage is inflicted in
people with small and large frames. Damage appears faster in smaller framed people. Small
framed ladies that drive the Impala can expect to suffer chronic back-shoulder-neck-arm pain,
physical therapy, carpal tunnel, noticeable bending and twisting of fingers, and may
experienced unnecessary medical operations.
twisting to conform to the contour of the steering wheel on my 2000 Chevrolet Impala. High
effort steering vehicles cause this to happen to all drivers. The severity depends on the effort
required and driving time. It is impossible to hold the steering wheel in any position that will
not cause harm. They are literally unsafe to hold in any position! Damage is inflicted in
people with small and large frames. Damage appears faster in smaller framed people. Small
framed ladies that drive the Impala can expect to suffer chronic back-shoulder-neck-arm pain,
physical therapy, carpal tunnel, noticeable bending and twisting of fingers, and may
experienced unnecessary medical operations.
| The Dangerous Impala Steering |
If you drive an Impala your fingers and knuckles are silently and painlessly becoming bent and
twisted, your thumbs are bending outward from the hand, and it may have progressed to loss
of thumb use. You may have chronic back pain, shoulder and neck pain, carpal tunnel
symptoms, disk compression in your neck and lower back, finger tingling/numbness, reduced
gripping strength, increases in headaches, painful hips, knee problems, fatigue, sleeping
problems, arthritic fingers. You may have had one or more operation on your back, neck,
shoulder or both shoulders, and carpal tunnel on one wrist, inflammation and physical pain.
twisted, your thumbs are bending outward from the hand, and it may have progressed to loss
of thumb use. You may have chronic back pain, shoulder and neck pain, carpal tunnel
symptoms, disk compression in your neck and lower back, finger tingling/numbness, reduced
gripping strength, increases in headaches, painful hips, knee problems, fatigue, sleeping
problems, arthritic fingers. You may have had one or more operation on your back, neck,
shoulder or both shoulders, and carpal tunnel on one wrist, inflammation and physical pain.
2000 Chevrolet Impala. This is a picture of holding the
steering wheel in the 2 o'clock position.
During the process of the body delivering the high forces
necessary to overcome the steering system's resistance to
turning.....the thumb delivers a force to turn the wheel, which
is a dynamic force, and results in a shock load (mini trauma)
between the grasping surface of the wheel and the joints of
the thumb. Each and every dynamic force results in
accumulative damage, which results in thumb deformities
shown below.
steering wheel in the 2 o'clock position.
During the process of the body delivering the high forces
necessary to overcome the steering system's resistance to
turning.....the thumb delivers a force to turn the wheel, which
is a dynamic force, and results in a shock load (mini trauma)
between the grasping surface of the wheel and the joints of
the thumb. Each and every dynamic force results in
accumulative damage, which results in thumb deformities
shown below.
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Picture 28-7 is a picture of an 85 year-young lady. She stopped driving when
she was 80. Her fingers were straight until 1986. In 1986 she purchased a
new Ford Aero Star van and started developing finger deformities (which she
like many others blamed it on arthritis). In the 8 years she drove it she
acquired 118,000 miles, and chronic pain, severe finger deformities, and
many physical health ailments. After she stopped driving in 1994, the
physical ailments subsided.
She like many others suffered hand function restrictions/loss because of the
bending and twisting of her fingers from the HES shock loads. You can see
the centerline of her fingernail is not in line with the knuckle because the
tendons, muscle, and flesh have shifted.
she was 80. Her fingers were straight until 1986. In 1986 she purchased a
new Ford Aero Star van and started developing finger deformities (which she
like many others blamed it on arthritis). In the 8 years she drove it she
acquired 118,000 miles, and chronic pain, severe finger deformities, and
many physical health ailments. After she stopped driving in 1994, the
physical ailments subsided.
She like many others suffered hand function restrictions/loss because of the
bending and twisting of her fingers from the HES shock loads. You can see
the centerline of her fingernail is not in line with the knuckle because the
tendons, muscle, and flesh have shifted.
This is a picture of a 57 year-old Quality
Engineer. He didn't perform physical
work. This outward bending of his thumb
is from rasping the wheel on his 2000
Impala.
He cannot use his thumbs now, it is
useless.
Engineer. He didn't perform physical
work. This outward bending of his thumb
is from rasping the wheel on his 2000
Impala.
He cannot use his thumbs now, it is
useless.
**********************************************************************************************************************************
This young lady in her 30's drives a van for a Children's Day
Care Center
Aside from other deformities, her small finger bends away from
the body of her hand from driving with the steering wheel
between the two.
Something we have always done, and it would be safe if it
weren't for the high effort steering on the van.
Care Center
Aside from other deformities, her small finger bends away from
the body of her hand from driving with the steering wheel
between the two.
Something we have always done, and it would be safe if it
weren't for the high effort steering on the van.
**********************************************************************************************************************************
This is a picture of a man in his 50's. He was a school teacher - electronics. Didn't do manual
labor. His fingers are twisted and bent from driving over 180,000 miles on his Chevrolet Astro
van.
labor. His fingers are twisted and bent from driving over 180,000 miles on his Chevrolet Astro
van.
**********************************************************************************************************************************
These are pictures of a young lady in her 50's that had straight fingers until she started driving
her new Pontiac-Sunbird.
The Sunbird has a 'high effort steering' system. Some of her fingers are at a 45 degree angle
to the cross axis of her hands. This will prove to be a very serious problem with her quality of
life. She will lose her thumb use and gripping strength.
her new Pontiac-Sunbird.
The Sunbird has a 'high effort steering' system. Some of her fingers are at a 45 degree angle
to the cross axis of her hands. This will prove to be a very serious problem with her quality of
life. She will lose her thumb use and gripping strength.
**********************************************************************************************************************************
This is a picture of a young 20 year-old girl that drove 100 miles a day back and fourth to college with her brand new
Chevrolet-Impala that she was so proud of.
She didn't play video games. She watched as her fingers were bending and twisting, constantly asking her parents and
relatives. A search was conducted in the family. Their hadn't been any problems with arthritis or deformities in the family
history.
She was completely perplexed with the whole situation while she watched helplessly as her fingers became bent and
twisted and she was losing her gripping strength. Never did she (like many other people) direct one suspicious thought
to the stiff, high effort steering of her Impala. Who would believe dynamic forces were generated in the Impala steering
process?Her injuries are permanent and she will suffer needlessly, because the design on the Impala, and many other
vehicles in the world-wide automotive industry, didn't consider the human physical capabilities of the customers.
Chevrolet-Impala that she was so proud of.
She didn't play video games. She watched as her fingers were bending and twisting, constantly asking her parents and
relatives. A search was conducted in the family. Their hadn't been any problems with arthritis or deformities in the family
history.
She was completely perplexed with the whole situation while she watched helplessly as her fingers became bent and
twisted and she was losing her gripping strength. Never did she (like many other people) direct one suspicious thought
to the stiff, high effort steering of her Impala. Who would believe dynamic forces were generated in the Impala steering
process?Her injuries are permanent and she will suffer needlessly, because the design on the Impala, and many other
vehicles in the world-wide automotive industry, didn't consider the human physical capabilities of the customers.
Meet 22 year-old Clair. Clair's fingers are deformed from their
bending and twisting to conform to the steering wheel on her
Mercury Cougar.
The Mercury-Cougar, like the Ford Mustang, and other vehicles
in the world-wide automotive industry, has a destructive 'high
effort steering' system.
Drivers, large and small framed, can not avoid the negative
consequences of the dynamic forces involved with the steering.
This is another young girl who will suffer needlessly and
experience loss of gripping function and thumb use and be
challenged by simple physical tasks.
There are many more Clair's out there driving these physically
destructive 'high effort steering' vehicles.
Steering efforts have to be reduced to a value that is acceptable
to the human body. Additionally, these dynamic forces are
responsible for the USA escalated health care costs.
bending and twisting to conform to the steering wheel on her
Mercury Cougar.
The Mercury-Cougar, like the Ford Mustang, and other vehicles
in the world-wide automotive industry, has a destructive 'high
effort steering' system.
Drivers, large and small framed, can not avoid the negative
consequences of the dynamic forces involved with the steering.
This is another young girl who will suffer needlessly and
experience loss of gripping function and thumb use and be
challenged by simple physical tasks.
There are many more Clair's out there driving these physically
destructive 'high effort steering' vehicles.
Steering efforts have to be reduced to a value that is acceptable
to the human body. Additionally, these dynamic forces are
responsible for the USA escalated health care costs.
In summary: I have driven many vehicles to try to find one which does not have a high effort steering
system or a steering system that does not have the damaging initial resistance to turning.
I have driven Nissan, Saturn, Toyota, Chrysler, Mercedes, Mercury, Buick, Chevrolet, Dodge, Korean and
many other cars and trucks. Nothing is without damage. The lighter the steering the lower the effort and
the longer it takes for physical damage to start appearing as body pain or finger deformities.
Design changes in seating, and other factors as mentioned in my book need to be implemented by
the world-wide automotive industry because there are many factors in shock loading besides the steering.
The steering being the largest denominator.
The automotive industry, just as the video industries, computer and coloring, all provide forces that
exceed the various customers physical capabilities.
Children's Material Creep Force Tolerance levels are much lower and adults are higher, but industry
provides these damaging forces to all of us.
With this new knowledge, there is no longer any reason why people should suffer from arthritis. We
should be able to live arthritic free from acceptance of this knowledge and implementation of design
changes for the rest of humanities existence.
The information in this website is from my 5+ year study of children's deformed fingers from video gaming
and adult health problems from driving high effort steering systems.
If you have experienced these health problems contact your physician or refer them to the information
on this site. According to GM the steering on my Impala cannot be reduced. However, maybe your
vehicle will allow an adjustment to a lower non-damaging steering effort.
If you cannot obtain corrective action from your manufacturer then please contact the National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in Washington, D.C. Toll free 1-888-327-4236
Note: This information is not intended to be a substitute for the advice or counsel of your physician. It
represents the author's opinion, and does not necessarily reflect the opinion of physicians or scientists.
Mike Tomich
system or a steering system that does not have the damaging initial resistance to turning.
I have driven Nissan, Saturn, Toyota, Chrysler, Mercedes, Mercury, Buick, Chevrolet, Dodge, Korean and
many other cars and trucks. Nothing is without damage. The lighter the steering the lower the effort and
the longer it takes for physical damage to start appearing as body pain or finger deformities.
Design changes in seating, and other factors as mentioned in my book need to be implemented by
the world-wide automotive industry because there are many factors in shock loading besides the steering.
The steering being the largest denominator.
The automotive industry, just as the video industries, computer and coloring, all provide forces that
exceed the various customers physical capabilities.
Children's Material Creep Force Tolerance levels are much lower and adults are higher, but industry
provides these damaging forces to all of us.
With this new knowledge, there is no longer any reason why people should suffer from arthritis. We
should be able to live arthritic free from acceptance of this knowledge and implementation of design
changes for the rest of humanities existence.
The information in this website is from my 5+ year study of children's deformed fingers from video gaming
and adult health problems from driving high effort steering systems.
If you have experienced these health problems contact your physician or refer them to the information
on this site. According to GM the steering on my Impala cannot be reduced. However, maybe your
vehicle will allow an adjustment to a lower non-damaging steering effort.
If you cannot obtain corrective action from your manufacturer then please contact the National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in Washington, D.C. Toll free 1-888-327-4236
Note: This information is not intended to be a substitute for the advice or counsel of your physician. It
represents the author's opinion, and does not necessarily reflect the opinion of physicians or scientists.
Mike Tomich
| ********************************************************************** |
| ********************************************************************** |
Meet 54 year-old Lana. She has been
driving "high effort steering" (HES)
vehicles since 1996 when her fingers
were straight. The following pictures
show the HES permanent damage.
driving "high effort steering" (HES)
vehicles since 1996 when her fingers
were straight. The following pictures
show the HES permanent damage.
Lana's fingers are bent and twisted to conform to the gripping surfaces of the
steering wheels of the HES vehicles she has been driving. The arrows point
to the high side of the knuckle from the twisting that has occurred in her
fingers. The bones between the knuckles also become twisted.
These injuries are permanent and are a result of the fast generation and
delivery of the forces required to overcome the resistance of the steering
wheel to move. The more you drive..the worse it will become. Each applied
force results in a mini trauma. Each trauma, causes permanent mini
damage and it accumulative.
All fingers are deformed from bending and twisting. The physical functionality
of her hands are now reduced. She also suffers physical symptoms, as
previously mentioned.
steering wheels of the HES vehicles she has been driving. The arrows point
to the high side of the knuckle from the twisting that has occurred in her
fingers. The bones between the knuckles also become twisted.
These injuries are permanent and are a result of the fast generation and
delivery of the forces required to overcome the resistance of the steering
wheel to move. The more you drive..the worse it will become. Each applied
force results in a mini trauma. Each trauma, causes permanent mini
damage and it accumulative.
All fingers are deformed from bending and twisting. The physical functionality
of her hands are now reduced. She also suffers physical symptoms, as
previously mentioned.
A different view of
her left hand. If
the fingers are not
held beside each
other, they will lie
on top or below
each other
because it is
typical of all
drivers of HES
vehicles.
her left hand. If
the fingers are not
held beside each
other, they will lie
on top or below
each other
because it is
typical of all
drivers of HES
vehicles.
Because of todays thick
steering wheel, most drivers
can only grasp the wheel with
the palm of their hands and
the tips of their fingers.
Leaving both contact
surfaces to deliver the shock
loading forces to the steering
wheel, which additionally
results in the bending of the
ends of the fingers as shown
in this picture.
steering wheel, most drivers
can only grasp the wheel with
the palm of their hands and
the tips of their fingers.
Leaving both contact
surfaces to deliver the shock
loading forces to the steering
wheel, which additionally
results in the bending of the
ends of the fingers as shown
in this picture.
Lana is right handed.
Her right small finger
is so bent and
twisted that it will not
lay flat on a surface.
The world-wide
automotive industry
failed to consider the
human physical
capabilities.
Her right small finger
is so bent and
twisted that it will not
lay flat on a surface.
The world-wide
automotive industry
failed to consider the
human physical
capabilities.
| ************************************************************************************************************************************** |
This is a drawing of a good knuckle that has become
bent and twisted and the forces causing this.
bent and twisted and the forces causing this.
This chart shows the receipt and delivery of the
dynamic forces, in HES, and children video gaming,
coloring, and playing computers.
dynamic forces, in HES, and children video gaming,
coloring, and playing computers.
| **************************************************************************************************************************************** |
Welcome to the silent, painless, mysterious world of the "High Effort Steering" vehicles and their horribly
damaging dynamic forces that have been attacking the skeletal and soft tissues of our body, causing
serious medical operations, physical movement restrictions, arthritic fingers and body joints, the
increased consumption of pain pills, emergency room visits, and skyrocketing medical insurance costs.
damaging dynamic forces that have been attacking the skeletal and soft tissues of our body, causing
serious medical operations, physical movement restrictions, arthritic fingers and body joints, the
increased consumption of pain pills, emergency room visits, and skyrocketing medical insurance costs.
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